Friday, September 11, 2015

Conviction Reversed After Juror Making Racial Comments Found to Have Implicit Bias

A juror told two other jurors that she saw 2 African-American men in her neighborhood and that such an occurrence was unusual and she thought a conspiracy related to the trial.  The other 2 jurors were sympathetic.  The trial judge failed to remove the juror from the case and the defendant was convicted.  Reversed on appeal.

http://www.judiciary.state.nj.us/opinions/a0211-12a3356-13.pdf

Monday, August 24, 2015

"Mindless Digital Interaction" Doesn't Result in Mistrial in Murder Trial

Check out the judge's comments about "mindless texting."
Continues to amaze me that jurors either don't listen to the judge's admonitions about using devices during trial or simply don't care.  And why are the trials mostly murder trials?  Perhaps the jurors are enjoying what they perceive is celebrity status.  Perhaps the father's text could result in a reversal on appeal.  Watch for more on this in the future.
Link:
http://www.abajournal.com/news/article/judge_blames_mindless_digital_interaction_for_juror_texts_during_murder_tri/

Monday, August 3, 2015

Judges: Be Aware of a Possible Weak Link in Your Social Media Control Over Jurors

As a result of budget restraints some courts have little or no bailiff support.  Others may have bailiffs who have been poorly-trained or are inexperienced.  We judges need to be vigilant about the support staff interacting with jurors throughout the trial, particularly during deliberations.  There are many cases where bailiffs have given dictionaries or other resources to jurors during trial deliberations, resulting in mistrial.  Bailiffs must be trained to also be vigilant about jurors accessing electronic devices during trial.

Monday, May 4, 2015

Retrial Ordered Where Juror Was a Felon and Juror Failed to Disclose

Felons not having had their rights restored may not serve on juries.  I have had felons report for jury duty and who failed to disclose a felony record.  Fortunately we have discovered it before they served on a jury.  If this is not discovered, a mistrial or retrial could be ordered as that juror is not qualified to serve.

http://www.wsmv.com/story/28895076/judge-declares-retrial-because-juror-was-convicted-felon

Friday, February 20, 2015

No Error When Judge Discharged Foreperson Who Refused to Reasonably Participate in Deliberations & Introduced Extraneous Matters

Here is link to advanced opinion of Connecticut Supreme Court decision finding no error where trial judge excused the foreperson during deliberations:
http://jud.state.ct.us/external/supapp/Cases/AROcr/CR315/315CR12.pdf

A juror accused another juror (the foreperson) of refusing to speak with other jurors, sitting away from a table where the jury was assembled, and commenting that she was just there to observe. (How did this person become the foreperson???)  Eleven jurors confirmed in questioning by the judge that the foreperson was not participating in deliberations.  The foreperson had also speculated that witnesses were bribed, of which there was no evidence.

Friday, February 6, 2015

Juror Dismissed for Visiting Horse That was Subject of Trial

In an animal cruelty trial a juror visited a boarding facility where a horse that was the subject of the case was being boarded.  This was clearly a violation of the judge's instructions. The juror was dismissed but a mistrial was denied.

http://www.mysuncoast.com/news/local/juror-kicked-off-napier-case-after-visiting-rescued-horse/article_471d8da2-aafd-11e4-b1ad-5b6acbc913f4.html

Friday, January 23, 2015

Monday, December 15, 2014

NFL Player Tweets During Jury Service

At the link below you can read a series of tweets by Cardinals defensive end Darnell Dockett about his jury service, apparently intending to be excused from his civic duty.  Appears he never actually made it into the courtroom.

http://www.foxsports.com/buzzer/story/arizona-cardinals-darnell-dockett-live-tweets-jury-duty-120214

Friday, November 21, 2014

Really Bad Juror: Juror Commits Multiple Violations of Judge's Admonitions; Conviction Reversed But For Bias

In Iowa a juror committed multiple violations of the trial judge's instructions during criminal trial: failing to disclose relationships with victim's family during voir dire; Facebooking and researching defendant's age; speaking about case to others at a convenience store.  But on appeal most all the violations were determined insufficient for remand, however a finding of bias (acquaintanceship with victim's family) resulted in reversal and remand for new trial.

Link: https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/2750822/state-of-iowa-v-tyler-james-webster/

So we have had movies "Bad Teacher" and "Bad Grandpa"...so how about Adam Sandler or Pauly Shore starring in "BAD JUROR" ?

Monday, November 10, 2014

Goodman Convicted in Retrial In Case Fraught With Juror Misconduct & Alleged $1 million Bribe

To update from my last post, John Goodman was convicted in a retrial of his criminal case in which there was a mistrial in the first trial due to juror misconduct. 

Link:  http://www.cbsnews.com/news/polo-mogul-convicted-again-in-deadly-palm-beach-dui/

The juror issues are multiple: juror Van Vliet's disclosure of prior trial; a juror sneaking a computer into his hotel room while sequestered; a juror accused of lying during voir dire.  Something tells me we haven't heard the last about this conviction.

Link: http://www.wptv.com/news/region-c-palm-beach-county/west-palm-beach/john-goodman-retria-more-goodman-juror-problems

A Vermont man is accused of offering up to $1 million for an acquittal:

Link:  http://www.palmbeachpost.com/news/news/crime-law/report-man-wanted-at-least-500000-to-sway-goodman-/nh3xz/

Friday, October 17, 2014

Juror Who is Criminal Justice Student Arrested for Contempt for Googling Trial

AH, the youth of today.  So inquisitive, so interested, so unwilling to follow rules at times.   Here is link to the story.  Juror-student age 23 defies judge's instructions and Googles the case, dsicovering its a retrial and shares that information with his fellow jurors.  Of course, he makes it on the news!  His fifteen minutes of fame.  Also a bad mug shot.
http://www.sun-sentinel.com/local/palm-beach/fl-goodman-juror-contempt-20141009-story.html

Thursday, October 2, 2014

Grand Jury in Ferguson MO Police Shooting Being Investigated for Misconduct

Many news sources are reporting that prosecutors are investigating whether a grand juror hearing the Ferguson MO police shooting has discussed the case with members of the public, a clear violation of the grand juror oath of secrecy.  I am not providing a link.  You should be able to find more information on CNN and other news sources.

Wednesday, August 27, 2014

Tuesday, August 19, 2014

Second Reversal in a Month by CA Supreme Court Due to Juror Misconduct

The California Supreme Court reversed a murder conviction in a case where a juror was lobbying other jurors prior to deliberations that the defendant was guilty.  The Court stated "...the (juror's) transformation from impartial fact finder to combative advocate before deliberations began is separate and serious misconduct."  People v. Weatherton.

Link to opinion:  http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=web&cd=1&ved=0CCAQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.courts.ca.gov%2Fopinions%2Fdocuments%2FS106489.PDF&ei=7qvzU6WMK4-0yATOy4GIDA&usg=AFQjCNEOT_Iusu8tpmQPyre6hxchQi5SRg&sig2=56I5Z9rkvrdOeBeVKLawJg

The opinion is instructive to judges as it discusses the post-trial hearing conducted by the trial judge, including conflicts attorneys and "Miranda"-style warnings to the jurors questioned about their alleged misconduct and violation of their oath.

Friday, August 8, 2014

Juror's Discussion With Pastor About Mercy, Empathy & Responsibilites as a Citizen Results in Overturned Verdict in Penalty Phase

During deliberations of the penalty phase a juror discussed "mercy and empathy" and his duties as a citizen with his pastor (starts at p. 37 of this 55 page opinion) but not the facts of the case.  The Supreme Court of California reversed the jury verdict in the penalty phase and remanded it to the trial court for a new trial of the penalty phase.
LINK:  http://www.courts.ca.gov/opinions/documents/S050102.PDF

Friday, July 25, 2014

Juror Does Internet Research During Deliberations, Replaced With Alternate; Conviction Reversed

During deliberations a juror (A) conducted Internet research on the background of the defendant and switched their vote, but did not share the research with the other jurors.    This juror (A) was also found to have been threatened with a punch to the nose by another juror over this misconduct.  As allowed in NJ, Juror A was replaced with an alternate and deliberations ordered to begin anew.   Appellate court questioned this as the jury had already reached a verdict on one of the counts charged.  Conviction was reversed by the appellate court.
New Jersey v. Lloyd and Cade, published 7-18-14.

Monday, July 21, 2014

Sixth Circuit U.S. Court of Appeals Considers Claim of Juror Bias

The Sixth Circuit overturned a federal district court order denying a habeus corpus peition by a man convicted of murder and sentenced to death and sent the case back to the federal district court to conisder whether to stay and abey the petition while the defendant seeks state court relief.  Cunningham v. Warden filed 6-24-14.  It was discovered that the jury foreperson was acquainted with the families of the victims and considered them to be her clients and that she ultimately would have to face them in the community.  A "holdout" juror testified in a deposition that she felt pressured by this comment.  The lower court judge concluded that she was not presured to convict.

Most of the decision is about criminal procedure in federal court in this type of matter.

Friday, June 6, 2014

Another Facebooking Juror in Big Trouble for Lying About it Under Oath; Two Others in Same County Likewise in Hot Water

Three jurors in 2 separate trials in the same Florida county are in trouble for violating the court's admonitions about commenting on the trial on social media, one in particular trouble for lying under oath about it:

LINK:   http://www.mypalmbeachpost.com/news/news/crime-law/local-juror-removed-in-handcuffs-faces-contempt-ov/ngBDL/#cef17750.2542355.735386

Thursday, May 1, 2014

ABA Issues Formal Opinion on Lawyers Reviewing Jurors' Internet Presence (Social Media)

ABA Formal Opinion 466 is summarized therein "a lawyer may passively review a juror's presence on the Internet, but may not communicate with a juror...if a lawyer discovers criminal or fraudulent conduct by a juror related to the proceeding, the lawyer must take reasonable remedial measures, including, if necessay, disclosure to the tribunal."  I have no link, but see the ABA website for the full 9-page opinion.  This opinion applies "unless limited by law or a court order."  At least one state has a rule or statute requiring immediate disclosure to the court of fraudulent conduct by a juror, for example, Internet research or social media discussion during trial.

Monday, April 28, 2014

Another Case of Juror Failing to Disclose Victimization of Close Relative During Voir Dire

During voir dire at trial a juror failed to disclose on questionnaire that her cousin had been the victm of a crime factually similar to the case in which voir dire was occuring.  Another juror failed to disclose that the county attorney had represented her in a child custody case.  Conviction reversed by Alabama Supreme Court:

https://acis.alabama.gov/displaydocs.cfm?no=572016&event=41Q0MPQBO

Friday, April 4, 2014

Article "Neuro-Voir Dire and the Architecture of Bias" as Applied to Jurors

Law Prof. Dov Fox offers a new approach in looking at juror bias and argues that the court "should limit the interrogation and disqualification of prospective jurors to personal interests in the case...and to case-specific beliefs."  Brain scanning of jurors for bias?

LINK:   http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2416627&download=yes

Tuesday, March 25, 2014

Use a Questionaire in Every Criminal Trial?

I have become increasingly convinced that a questionaire, even a short one, should be used in every criminayl jury trial.  Last week a colleague was informed on the second day of a DWI trial by the prosecutor that he had prosecuted one of the impaneled jurors for DWI.  The juror had failed to disclose this in response to the standard voir dire question about whether any of the jurors had been convicted of a crime.  I think jurors will be more forthright in disclosing such information in writing and out of the hearing of other jurors.  The question can also make it clear that DWI is a crime, not just a minor traffic violation.  The questionaire can be tailored to the particular case and ask the juror if they would prefer individual questioning.  I may also hand out the questionaire in the courtroom, review the questions with the jurors, and explain emphatically the need to answer truthfully.

Wednesday, February 12, 2014

REALLY STUPID LAWYER BEHAVIOUR--SPYING ON JURORS IN JUROR ASSEMBLY ROOM

Lawyers know that communicating with prospective jurors is verboten.  Amazingly a lawyer sent an associate to sneak in the jury assembly room to make observations.  Lawyers in big trouble.  Link:  http://abovethelaw.com/2014/02/thats-one-way-to-pick-a-jury-maybe-an-unethical-one-but-it-is-one-way/

Friday, January 31, 2014

Entire Jury Pool Discharged After Juror Google-searches Defendant

In April 2013 in Cincinnati Ins. Co. v. Omega Flex , a juror Googled the name of the defendant and shared with other jurors that defendant had a $10 million verdict against it in another case.  It was actually $1 million.  The judge and counsel voir dired several jurors at the bench within sight of the panel.  On defense motion, a magistrate discharged the whole jury pool.  This and other cases lead me to conclude that a formal hearing in which each juror potentially tainted is questioned should be conducted out of the hearing of the other jurors.  An informal bench conference is inadequate.  Rushing to get a jury impaneled without a formal hearing is bad practice.

Thursday, January 23, 2014

Juror Researching Penalty Causes Mistrial of Rape Case

Juror said he fell back into old work habits by researching the penalty in the rape case.  He disregarded the judge's admonitions, causing a mistrial after a 5-week trial.  The poor victim must go through the anguish of testifying once again.

http://seattletimes.com/html/localnews/2022703634_jurorsinternetxml.html

Monday, January 13, 2014

Another Facebooking Juror May Cause Mistrial

Juror's rather innocuous posts on Facebook regarding the trial experience may still be found to have violated the judge's admonitions against discussing the case on Facebook or Twitter.  Some people, in fact many people, insist on sharing every detail of their lives on social media even when warned not to by the court.

http://www.katv.com/story/24400542/jurors-facebook-posts-could-cause-mistrial

Tuesday, January 7, 2014

Link to Prof. Hoffmeister's Interview on His New Book "Social Media in the Courtroom"

http://www.c-spanvideo.org/program/MediaintheC

Defendant Entitled to Hearing Regarding Juror's Non-verbal Communications With Husband in Courtroom During Trial

http://www.ca10.uscourts.gov/opinions/11/11-6293.pdf

This link is to a federal decision granting a hearing to defendant following a murder conviction in which the trial court must investigate further a juror's non-verbal communications with her husband in the courtroom audience during the trial.  These decisions are becoming more frequent in which the trial judge's failure to conduct a hearing regarding alleged juror misconduct is found to be error.
The harmlessness of a juror's conduct can only be determined after a full-blown hearing.

Friday, December 6, 2013

Jurors Can't Be Compelled to Reveal Social Media Account Information

The judge presiding over the penalty phase of the Jodi Arias trial has denied defense motion to order jurors to reveal Twitter account information so counsel can monitor jurors to discover if any are communicating about the case via Twitter.
http://www.abc15.com/dpp/news/region_phoenix_metro/central_phoenix/jodi-arias-update-judge-denies-request-for-jurors-twitter-information

Saturday, November 16, 2013

Bibles in the Deliberation Room?

Courts have ruled inconsistently whether Bibles or other religious materials are "extraneous materials" and, therefore, not permitted in the jury deliberation room.  LINK:  http://law.onu.edu/sites/default/files/Miller%20(FINAL%20PDF%205-17).pdf

Monday, November 4, 2013

Error for Trial Court To Order Plaintiff's Attorney to Remove Content About Prior Trial Successes From Lawfirm Website

The trial judge ordered the plaintiff's lawyer to remove content on the law firm's website which discussed successful similar cases they had tried.  The appellate court reversed as "prior restraint" on First Amendment speech.  Trial judge was not justified in trying to prevent jurors from accessing the lawyer's website despite judge's admonitions that jurors not do so.  This is in the realm of "forbidden fruit," that is, telling jurors not to do something makes doing so more tempting.

http://www.courts.ca.gov/opinions/documents/B235347.PDF

Tuesday, October 22, 2013

Juror Gives Attorney the Finger and is Excused from Jury

Juror (who is an attorney) was not removed from jury despite allegedly giving defense attorney the finger when both were attempting to catch a taxi outside courthouse.  However, juror apparently dismissed for having read newspaper accounts about the trial:

Link:  http://www.abajournal.com/news/article/lawyer_who_flipped_the_bird_at_defendant_is_removed_as_juror_was_cab_confli/

Friday, October 4, 2013

Grand Juror Who Took Photo of Police Officer Witness Arrested and Charged Himself

A 19 year old grand juror took a photo of a police officer witness and sent it to his girlfriend, violating the integrity and secrecy of the grand jury.  He was arrested and charged with a misdemeanor.
http://www.abc2news.com/dpp/news/crime_checker/howard_county_crime/howard-county-grand-juror-arrested-for-taking-photo-of-undercover-officer

Friday, September 13, 2013

TENN Supreme Court Remands Case to Trial Court for Hearing on Juror Communications With Witness

In this case the trial judge failed to hold an evidentary hearing regarding the alleged contact via social media (Facebook) between a juror and expert witness.  The lesson for judges is that an evidentary hearing should be held to determine the nature of the contact and whether a mistrial is warranted.

Link to TN Supreme Court opinion:   http://www.tsc.state.tn.us/sites/default/files/smithwdopn.pdf

Friday, August 30, 2013

Mistrial After Victim's Father Gives Juror Stranded at Courthouse a Ride Home

Despite warnings from the judge, some jurors just don't understand the importance of avoiding contact with lawyers, witnesses, and parties and members of their family:
chttp://blog.al.com/breaking/2013/08/mistrial_for_man_charged_with.html

Friday, August 23, 2013

Juror's Ethnic Slur Midtrial Results in Mistrial

Juror's ethnic slur about the defendants was heard after trial by a person on criminal probation and brought to court's attention prior to sentencing.  Here are links to an article and the federal district court opinion:

http://www.med.uscourts.gov/Opinions/Hornby/2013/DBH_08192013_2-12cr50_U_S_V_FUENTES.pdf

http://www.mpbn.net/Home/tabid/36/ctl/ViewItem/mid/5347/ItemId/29570/Default.aspx

Monday, August 19, 2013

JUROR CAUSES MISTRIAL BY FAILING TO DISCLOSE FAMILIARITY WITH POTENTIAL WITNESS

A mistrial was declared in a drug case after a juror failed to disclose knowing a witness and further violated the court's instructions by speaking to the witness outside the courtroom.
Link:http://thegazette.com/2013/06/06/drug-trial-ends-in-mistrial-because-of-juror-misconduct/

Friday, August 9, 2013

VT Hearing on Jurors' Alleged Misconduct in Voir Dire Should be Public Prosecutors Argue

http://www.burlingtonfreepress.com/article/20130806/NEWS07/308060013/Prosecutors-Hearing-on-Fell-juror-conduct-should-be-public?nclick_check=1

This article brings to mind the issue of attorneys researching the backgrounds of jurors both before and after trial (for purposes of new trial motions).  There would be an incentive for defense counsel to withhold information on a juror's failure to answer honestly during voir dire and only bring forth the information if the defendant is convicted.  See prior posts here discussing this issue.

Thursday, July 18, 2013

High Cost of Sequestration

It has been reported that sequestering the 6 Zimmerman trial jurors has cost Florida $33,000 over the 3-week trial.  No incidents of jurors misconduct have been reported so far.  Many states including MN require 12 jurors plus several alternates for felony jury trials.  It is hard to imagine that any state judicial branch can afford over $60,000 to sequester a jury for the entire trial lasting 3 weeks or more.  But given the extensive media and public attention, plus the risks of jurors being contacted by unscrupulous people, in such a case there appears to be no alternative to insure a fair trial.

Link  http://news.msn.com/crime-justice/dollar33000-spent-on-sequestered-zimmerman-jurors

Tuesday, June 18, 2013

Ethical Issues Surrounding "Googling" Jurors During Voir Dire

Here is a link to a good article on the increasing use of social media searches of prospective jurors during voir dire and the ethical issues that may arise:

http://www.thejuryexpert.com/2013/05/as-voir-dire-becomes-voir-google/

Some judges have prohibited the practice of, basically, lawyers impeaching prospective jurors about their biases and opinions based on blog or Facebook postings.  The article mentions a New Jersey appellate decision that found error where a trial judge prohibited investigating jurors on social media. 

This is an issue that should be addressed by trial judges long before the trial begins so that everyone is aware of the judge's rules.  Since 2011 Missouri has had a rule that counsel has an affirmative duty to disclose to the court prior to jury being sworn that a juror has been a party to litigation which they failed to disclose in voir dire.  Counsel is required to make a reasonable investigation on Case.net as to whether a juror has been a party to a lawsuit.

Monday, June 10, 2013

High Profile Trial Raises Juror-Social Media Concerns

A high profile trial starts today that will be all over the news.  I won't even mention the name so no one "Googling" it would come to this blog.  I have raised these concerns in prior posts:
1.  Jurors will seek definitions of legal terms, background on the defendant and victim and the lawyers on the Web
2.  Defendant's supporters previously set up a website to collect donations for attorney's fees.  Not sure if its still up.
3.  Some jurors would see the opportunity to make themselves the story, appear on the Today show, or make a book deal.
4.  Jurors will look for stories about the trial on the Internet and read comments from the public.
5.  Jurors will read articles on the Internet about pretrial motions on evidence and other issues.
6.  Jurors may be the target of members of the public: social pressure, coercion, intimidation, maybe even threats.
7.  Jurors may consider discussing the case on their Facebook page, unable to handle their perceived celebrity

It will be interesting to see how this all unfolds.

UPDATE:  Was it inevitable? Dismissed prospective juror attempts to watch trial, is escorted away.  Google it. I prefer not to state anything more.\

Sequestered jury can concentrate on its duty without distraction of social media:
    http://technorati.com/social-media/article/social-media-why-the-george-zimmerman/

Friday, June 7, 2013

CA Supreme Court Sustains Conviction Despite Juror Lying During Voir Dire, Two Others Viewing Prison Movie

The CA Supreme Court has refused to overturn a murder conviction despite one juror having lied about his past felony conviction and criminal records of his sons; and two jurors having watched a prison life movie "American Me" (1992) at the urging of another juror during deliberations and when they were deadlocked.

Link: http://www.courts.ca.gov/opinions/documents/S092356.PDF

Friday, May 31, 2013

Juror Finds Appellate Opinion Regarding Defendant's Prior Trial in Same Case

This may be the worst case scenario.  A deliberating juror finds Online the appellate decision overturning Defendant's conviction in earlier trial of same case, full of inadmissible evidence.  Conviction overturned once again...for the THIRD TIME.

Link:http://www.ctlawtribune.com/PubArticleCT.jsp?id=1202601310888&Jurors_Online_Research_Forces_New_Trial&slreturn=20130431091855

Thursday, May 16, 2013

Lawyers Generally Permitted to Use Social Media for Voir Dire of Jurors; Md. Judge Denies Use

Generally lawyers are not prohibited from perusing prospective jurors' social media "presence" (such as Facebook pages) as a part of voir dire so long as there is no communication with the prospective juror.
Link: http://www.law.com/jsp/lawtechnologynews/PubArticleLTN.jsp?id=1365358260083&thepage=2

I suggest that a lawyer should inquire of the judge out of the hearing of the jury if the lawyer has doubts about certain voir dire questions formulated from a juror's social media presence.

Md. Judge denies use of Internet for voir dire investigation of jurors:
Link http://www.gazette.net/article/20130515/NEWS/130519448/1123/montgomery-judge-denies-internet-searches-for-jury-selection&template=gazette

Friday, May 10, 2013

Juror Charged With Contempt for Failing to Disclose Wife's DWI During Voir Dire

During jury selection a juror who sat in a DWI case failed to disclose that his wife had a DWI.  He has been charged with contempt and the matter will be going to trial. The DWI defendant, a famous polo mogul in Florida, was granted a new trial.
Link:  http://www.sun-sentinel.com/news/local/breakingnews/fl-demartin-motions-20130508,0,416396.story

Friday, April 26, 2013

"Another One (Juror) Bites the Dust!"-Texting Juror Heads to the Hoosgow

Like Queen sang, "Another one bites the dust!"  Here again a juror is texting IN THE COURTROOM and the sanction is a visit to the local hoosgow, clink, slammer.  Not surprisingly the violator is under 30.

http://www.kmtr.com/news/local/story/Juror-held-in-contempt-for-texting-during-trial/kNNQtlm9_kuqKtAPXvY8KA.cspx?rss=191

Wednesday, April 24, 2013

Bailiif's Comment to Jurors Causes Mistrial

Sometimes trial participants other than the jurors cause mistrials through their poor judgment.  Here is a link to an article about a mistrial caused by a bailiff's comment to jurors implying that they should acquit the defendant and get this #$%@! case over with.

http://www.commercialappeal.com/news/2013/mar/29/memphis-rape-case-ends-in-mistrial-as-jury-by-is/

Tuesday, April 9, 2013

Deliberating Jurors' Use of Toy Cars to Re-enact Accident Not Grounds for Inquiry

A juror bought toy cars over break in criminal trial deliberations and jurors then used them to re-enact the accident that was the subject of the trial.  Judge denied motion for inquiring further of the jurors, deciding using toy cars was no different than diagraming the accident on paper.
Link: http://www.courts.ca.gov/opinions/documents/E054307.PDF

Thursday, April 4, 2013

Juror Dismissed in Arias Trial For Comments to Fellow Juror

In the sensational, nationally-followed Arias trial, the judge has denied a mistrial, but dismissed a juror for comments to a fellow juror indicating lack of impartiality.

Link:  http://hosted.ap.org/dynamic/stories/U/US_BOYFRIEND_SLAYING?SITE=AP&SECTION=HOME&TEMPLATE=DEFAULT

Friday, February 15, 2013

Wrongful Death Case With Facebooking Jury Foreman Heads to Missouri Appellate Court

The trial judge denied plaintiffs' motions for new trial, finding the foreman did not discuss the facts or the deliberation decision-making process.  This "no harm, no foul" analysis has been followed by other courts.
Link:   http://www.news-leader.com/article/20130210/NEWS01/302100081/Jury-foreman-Facebook-posts-wrongful-death-case?gcheck=1&nclick_check=1

Friday, February 8, 2013

Tenn. Grand Juror Discovered to Be Convicted Felon

Ninety indictments must be resubmiited to a grand jury after it was discovered that the foreman was a convicted felon.  The grand jury had issued indictments in 800 cases in a 3-month period.  Here is the link:

http://www.kltv.com/story/20924438/nashville-da-says-grand-jury-foreman-was-felon

Friday, January 18, 2013

Federal Judge Rescinds Order for Seizure of Juror's Computers

A juror in a federal criminal trial was quoted in the newspaper as having conducted Internet research during the trial in violation of the judge's instructions.  The defendant was sentenced to a 10-year prison term.  The judge ordered that US marshals seize her computers but has rescinded that order and has ordered her to appear in court with her computers or hard drives.
Here is an article about it:
http://www.tampabay.com/news/courts/criminal/article1269464.ece

Thursday, January 17, 2013

Should Judges Allow Lawyers to Be Facebook Friends?

From my brief research only a few states have specifically addressed this issue through their lawyers ethics boards.  In my opinion, no, they should not as it gives the appearance of impropriety under the judicial ethics canons.  Here is a link to an article on this issue from Florida:

http://www.palmbeachpost.com/news/news/crime-law/state-high-court-asked-to-decide-whether-judges-la/nTyhj/

For judges who host blogs, such as this one, it is possible to block the names of "followers" so the judge does not know who they are.

Here is another article with a photo of our most famous "jurist":

http://abovethelaw.com/2011/12/if-you-are-a-judge-do-your-facebook-friends-matter/

Wednesday, January 9, 2013

Should Professionals Be Excused From Jury Duty?

Nationwide there is a problem of getting summoned jurors to show up at court for day one of a jury trial.  One of my colleagues recently had 10 jurors fail to appear for day one a civil trial.  We judges also receive many requests to be excused from jury duty.  Many jurors can have their jury duty deferred to a more-convenient time, such as winter for construction workers and summers for teachers.  But I am frankly angered by the letter requests which basically say this, reading between the lines:

Dear Judge: 
Please excuse me from jury duty.  I have a professional job (business, etc) with many (clients, patients, students, etc.) which require my attention and they will not understand that I am unavailable due to jury duty.  This makes me more important than the average citizen, so please excuse me.  Perhaps some unemployed people or retired folks can serve in my place.
Sincerely,
Very Important Citizen

Jury duty is just that, the DUTY of every citizen in our democratic republic.  Millions have died to protect our freedoms, including the right to have a jury trial AND to sit as a juror if called to serve.  Tens of thousands have served in Afghanistan, have died or suffered great emotional and physical harm to protect these freedoms.  It is an honor to serve on a jury, not an inconvenience.


Monday, December 17, 2012

Can Lawyers Impeach Jurors During Voir Dire?

Assume these scenarios:

During voir dire counsel for both sides are searching juror's names on social media sites such as Facebook, as well as "Googling" their names, for information about  jurors.  Assume these various scenarios.

One of the attorneys discovers a prospective juror:

1.  Has a felony record (uncertain if rights have been restored) which was not disclosed (and falsely so) during general voir dire by the judge

2.  Has been commenting in general about jury selection and the type of case on his/ her  Facebook page

3. Failed to disclose that he or she had been employed in the industry of which one of the parties is involved and was:

    a.   A clerical employee
    b.   In a technical or research capacity as an employee
    c.   A "whistleblower" to the government for which they were highly compensated

4.  Is a member of an organization which might make them biased, eg.  a member of MADD for a DWI trial

My questions would be:

1.  If , as an attorney, you decide to seek a juror's dismissal, do you move the court out of the hearing of the jury panel?

2.  Do you request permission to, basically, impeach the juror, giving them the opportunity to explain?  Out of the hearing of the other jurors?

3.  As a judge, how would you handle these scenarios?

4.  As a judge, do you warn the jurors that lawyers may be looking at their Facebook pages?  (I wouldn't.)

These are all questions worthy of discussion
 and thought.

Monday, December 10, 2012

Farmville Visit by Defendant Results in Mistrial

I heard the story of a defendant in a MN felony trial who, during the course of the trial, was playing "Farmville" on Facebook (I hope I got that right) with 2 jurors.  They discovered it, told their fellow jurors the next morning at court, the bailiff told the judge, and a mistrial was declared.  The defendant claimed he didn't know the contestants on Farmville were jurors, but a search of records determined that he had searched their names.  The defendant was charged with Juror Tampering and eventually pled guilty to the original charge.  The jurors were, perhaps, not "behaving badly" other than reporting it to the whole jury and eliminating any chance of avoiding a mistrial (if there were 2 alternates).  I hesitate to think of the outcome had they failed to report it.

Monday, December 3, 2012

Friday, November 30, 2012

"Guilty As Tweeted": Australian Lawyer's Scholarly Article on Jurors and Social Media

Link is to abstract, with additional link to the entire article:

http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2176634&download=yes

The article is lengthy and detailed, but one suggestion from the author is that the court confiscate phones during the trial day.  I oppose such action because (1) court administrators likely won't want responsibility for electronic devices, fearing claims someone's phone was stolen or tampered with; (2) it will have the adverse effect of encouraging juror inquiry on social media and the Internet when not in trial.

Friday, November 2, 2012

Deliberating Juror Using Pseudonym May Be Charged With Felony for Comments on Newspaper Website

A deliberating juror who may have made comments on a newspaper website under a pseudonym (BePrepared) may face felony charges.
Link:  http://stlouis.cbslocal.com/2012/10/31/judge-orders-kan-newspaper-to-reveal-name-of-commenter/

In another case a Facebooking juror was NOT requested by the attorneys to be excused where her comments were rather innocuous.  But since she was withdrawn from the jury room for questioning by the judge, it is likely many of the jurors will go on Facebook that evening to see what she said.

Link  http://www.wacotrib.com/news/176706161.html

Monday, October 22, 2012

Misbehaving Prospective Juror Faces Jail

A prospective juror conducted Internet research and discussed the case with other jurors despite the judge's written admonitions, was excused and now faces jail.. It is a death penalty case in Florida.

Link  http://www.tampabay.com/news/courts/criminal/hillsborough-judge-vows-to-send-prospective-juror-to-jail/1255802

Monday, October 15, 2012

National Center For State Courts Releases Study of Jury Use of New Media

The authors of the report acknowledge that it was a small sample and that those jurors surveyed may not have been willing to disclose violations of the judges' admonitions regarding social media and the Internet.  Still, they drew these interesting conclusions (at p. 7):

1.  Few jurors reported committing misconduct of any kind-- with the Internet, friends or families

2.  A substantial portion of the jurors could not recall that the judge had given an admonishment about new media use or incorrectly believed such searches were permissible

3.  A sizable proportion of actual and prospective jurors indicated a desire to use the Internet to obtain information relevant to the trial

4.  A significant proportion indicated they would be unable to refrain from Internet use for the duration of the trial.

The authors recommend further study of these issues.

LINK   http://www.ncsc-jurystudies.org/What-We-Do/~/media/Microsites/Files/CJS/New%20Media%20Study/NCSC-Harvard-005-Juror-and-Jury-Use-of-New-Media-Final.ashx


Tuesday, October 9, 2012

Prosecutors Move Court to Order Defendant's Supporters to Close Website

One of my greatest worries in a criminal case is that a juror will disregard my admonitions not to conduct Internet research and will find a website constructed by the Defendant or their supporters.  Here is a link to a motion filed by prosecutors for an order requiring the Defendant's website (Justice for Reeco) to be closed.  The Defendant was charged with auto theft but his website primarily concerns his lawsuit against the police for injuries suffered as a passenger in a fiery collision at the end of a high speed chase in Maryland.  Lots of evidence posted on the website.

http://www.justiceforreeco.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/Richardson-Motion-to-Compel-Website-Closing.pdf

Friday, September 28, 2012

Kentucky Case Remanded for Trial Court Inquiry Into Facebook Relationship Between Jurors and Mother of Victim

Here is link to Kentucky Supreme Court decision remanding murder case for trial court inquiry into extent of relationship between 2 jurors and mother of victim as Facebook "friends."  The jurors stated in voir dire that they were not acquainted with the victim or her family, and did not use Facebook.

http://opinions.kycourts.net/sc/2011-SC-000318-MR.pdf

Monday, September 17, 2012

Mistrial After Lawyer Posts Underwear Photo on Facebook

A mistrial in a murder trial has resulted after defense counsel posted a photo of the Defendant's underwear on Facebook.  Counsel apparently felt the Defendant's family acted foolishly after providing  leopardskin-print undies for trial attire.  Posting for all to see, including jurors, resulted in a mistrial:

Link:  http://www.webpronews.com/lawyer-posts-photo-of-clients-underwear-on-facebook-quickly-leads-to-mistrial-2012-09

Wednesday, August 29, 2012

When Jurors Lie During Voir Dire: The High Standard to Overturn a Verdict

Here is a link to an article in Forbes from May 2012 which just so happens to have the same title as this blog and discusses the difficulty of overturning a verdict when it is discovered post-verdict that a juror had lied substantially during voir dire.

http://www.forbes.com/sites/insider/2012/05/02/jurors-behaving-badly/

Friday, August 24, 2012

Deliberating Juror Vacations in Cancun: Faces the Music on Return

Similar to the posting on May 25 and July 13 (juror goes on business trip), a juror during deliberations went on vacation, saying she left a note for other jurors with her vote.  My question: have these people lost their minds?

Link:  http://www.jsonline.com/news/crime/runaway-juror-ditches-service-for-cancun-0i6irg1-166983106.html

Tuesday, July 31, 2012

Mistrial in Murder Trial Where Canadian Juror Posts on an Anti-Defendant website

In this week of the Olympics we find that juror misconduct involving social media, just like the Olympic sports,  is not confined to the U.S.  The Canadian murder trial of Fred Prosser has resulted in a mistrial over a juror posting on an anti-Prosser Facebook site.
LINK:  http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/new-brunswick/story/2012/07/18/nb-prosser-trial-929.html

Monday, July 30, 2012

Ohio Supreme Court Finds Trial Judge Acted With Haste in Ruling on Juror Misconduct During Deliberations and Ordering Mistrial

In a case with multiple defendants and a tortured route several times to the appellate courts, the Ohio Supreme Court ruled that the trial judge acted hastily in ordering a mistrial after briefly questioning a juror who brought to jury deliberations Internet research on the terms "perverse" and "involuntary manslaughter.  Convictions from a subsequent trial were reversed as double jeopardy was found.

LINK     "http://www.supremecourt.ohio.gov/rod/docs/pdf/0/2012/2012-Ohio-3236.pdf

Friday, July 20, 2012

Retrial Results From Juror Bringing Extrinsic Evidence Into Deliberations

In a Washington wrongful death case, a juror told fellow jurors that families of soldiers killed in Afghanistan get $100,000 so no one else should get more.  The trial judge determined that this comment did not affect the verdict.  The appellate court reversed, discussing the objective standard which the trial judge should have used, ie. could the comments have affected the verdict.

http://www.courts.wa.gov/opinions/pdf/66743-2.unp.docx.pdf

Friday, July 13, 2012

Monday, June 11, 2012

To Sequester or Not to Sequester, That is the Question

I saw an article on the CNN website (link below) discussing that the presiding judge in the Sandusky trial in PA had declinedt to sequester the jury during the entire trial.  Given (over the past 2 years) the great number of mistrials and re-trials arising from juror misconduct involving the Internet and social media, it raises the question whether sequestering the jury for the entire trial is worth the financial expense (enormous) and what the impact on the personal lives of the jurors will be.  Will it discourage even more jurors from showing up for jury duty when summoned?  Will it increase the number seeking deferment or exclusion from jury duty?  Will it provide even more opportunity for jurors to discuss the case before deliberations?  Should they be allowed to do so?
Apparently the estimated cost of sequestering the jury in the trial of Michael Jackson's doctor would have been over a half million dollars, certainly prohibitive given the financial disaster that is California's budget.  It will be interesting to see what happens in the trial in PA.

http://www.cnn.com/2012/06/06/justice/sandusky-jury-not-sequestered/index.html

Friday, June 8, 2012

Juror Lies on Questionaire and During Voir Dire Results in New Trial

Misconduct not involving social media but rather falsehoods during jury selection resulted in retrial in a personal injury case.  The juror lied by failing to disclose he was a party in a pending lawsuit which was shortly thereafter to go to trial in the same court.

http://www.3dca.flcourts.org/Opinions/3D10-2495.pdf


Friday, May 25, 2012

Absentee Juror In Federal Trial Found In Contempt, Plus Good Commentary on Civic Duty

The order has a lengthy discussion of the facts which the court found insufficient to warrant absence of a seated juror, ie a business trip claimed necessary to avoid losing an important client.  Also a good commentary on the responsibility of employers, the history of jury service, and the civic duty of all citizens.

http://www.ncsc.org/Topics/Jury/Jury-Selection-Trial-and-Deliberations/~/media/Files/PDF/Jury/Holderman%20Opinion.ashx

Wednesday, May 23, 2012

Florida Jurors Banned From Facebooking During Trial

The Florida Supreme Court is following the national trend toward more formalized and specific preliminary jury instructions that jurors may not discuss the case on Facebook, "tweet" or blog about it during trial:

http://www.law.com/jsp/lawtechnologynews/PubArticleLTN.jsp?id=1336995496187&Fla_Jurors_Banned_From_Blogging_About_Criminal_Cases&slreturn=1

Friday, May 18, 2012

Now I Have Seen Misconduct First-hand! and Facebooking Jurors Do NOT Cause New Trial

I can write about this as the trial is over and there can be no appeal.  During jury selection this week in the courtroom a prospective juror's smartphone buzzed, so he took it out and scrolled to read the text.  We were nearly done with jury selection (so he probably concluded as he had not be chosen as yet it was OK to read the text) so I did not embarrass him in front of 40 other people.  This was despite the poster (at right margin) being in the jury room where he waited 2 full days and my lengthy admonitions as discussed elsewhere in this blog.

Here is another appellate case regarding jurors on Facebook, fitting as today is the first day of trading Facebook shares from the IPO.  Note that a new trial was NOT ordered, that is, "no harm, no foul:"

http://www.universalhub.com/2012/commonwealth-vs-clare-werner


Monday, May 7, 2012

Juror's Use of Internet Adversely Affects Defendant's 6th Amendment Rights

An excellent article may be found in the University of Illinois Law Review, link as follows:

http://illinoislawreview.org/wp-content/ilr-content/articles/2012/2/Zora.pdf

The author, law student Marcy Zora, summarizes well the problems of jurors' use of social media and the Internet, and the efforts judges have made to stem the growing tide of mistrials due to this problem.  A defendant's 6th amendment rights are violated when jurors rely on information received outside of the courtroom, including information from sources that are not accurate.  She emphasizes that jury instructions admonishing jurors not to conduct Internet research or discuss the case in social media should be specific as to Internet use (Facebook, Google, MySpace, etc) and be given frequently throughout the trial.  I agree with her suggestions.  However, I disagree with her conclusion that the threats of punishment such as contempt, fines, and (in California: see my 1-3-12 post) misdemeanor charges, will effectively prevent jurors from violating the judge's admonitions.  Social scientists suggest that jurors may seek the "forbidden fruit" simply because the judge says they may not.  Anti-government types may simply see this as a challenge to their privacy rights by an oppressive government.

Thursday, May 3, 2012

Law Review article on Jurors Misconduct in the Digital Age

Here is a link to an abstract of  "Google, Gadgets and Guilt: Juror Misconduct in the Digital Age" by Thaddeus Hoffmeister, 83 U. Colo. L. Rev. 409 (Winter 2012).

http://works.bepress.com/thaddeus_hoffmeister/7/

Wednesday, May 2, 2012

Another Issue for Judges In Voir Dire: "Have you viewed the Attorney's website?"

Now that parties to lawsuits or criminal cases are establishing case-specific websites, should the judge ask jurors if they have viewed any websites established by any of the parties or attorneys in the case?

Check out this link:
http://www.gzlegalcase.com

My answer: a definite yes, with a specific instruction that the jurors shall NOT look for it through Google or any other search engine.  Though I wonder if this simply encourages them to do so anyway.  Perhaps the attorneys could be convinced to shutdown the website prior to trial.

Saturday, April 28, 2012

Two More Cases Where Wikipedia Is Source Sought by Disobedient Jurors, Causing Vacated Convictions; Foreperson Held in Contempt

An alert bailiff discovered in a jury deliberation room printed information from Wikipedia obtained by the jury foreman and shared with fellow jurors.  A new trial has been granted to the convicted defendant.
Here is the link:

http://hosted2.ap.org/CARIE/7f780b0f92634e54be4b48f9179deaa4/Article_2012-04-21-Juror%20Misconduct-Mistrial/id-dafa76e0eeb9401092971dc302955068

The judge noted that the definitions obtained by the foreman were not accurate, that the foreman exhibited no malice, and was simply trying to be helpful.  This is consistent with other juror misconduct cases where the miscreants claim to just want to do a good job and had not been provided the necessary information by the judges and lawyers.

The history of Wikipedia as, in essence, a dictionary, and an unreliable source for legal terms is recounted in a federal appeals decision (46 pages) with convictions vacated:

http://pacer.ca4.uscourts.gov/opinion.pdf/104831.P.pdf

Finally, a foreperson who conducted independent research in violation of the judge's admonitions was found in contempt and fined $500.  Link:  http://www.ediscoverylawalert.com/uploads/file/In-the-Matter-of-Daniel-M_-Kaminsky.pdf

Friday, April 13, 2012

Photographer's Goof Results in Mistrial

Not misconduct of a juror, but a photographer's error in publishing a juror's photo results in a mistrial:

http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/04/11/reporter-photo-austin-tabor-case-mistrial-declared-ann-marie-bush_n_1418723.html

AND another case of juror's photos, this time on a Facebook page:

http://www.mlive.com/news/muskegon/index.ssf/2012/04/baby_kate_trial_day_began_with.html

Another reason to ban cameras in the courtroom!